The information

 No 1 C. Rationale for studying philosophy of education in a teacher institutions 

The study of Philosophy of Education will provide you with:
  • An understanding of the purpose of education process for humanity.
  • Knowledge of the basis for selection of educational goals and ability to adjudicate conflicts over values in education. After a successful study of this module, you should be able to:
  • Identify the purpose of education in general and teaching in particular.
  • Influence educational policy in your country.
  • Evaluate current educational theories and practice against a background of logical alternatives.
  • Acquire principles for critical analysis of educational assumptions.
  • Discover alternative dimensions of meaning that conventional wisdom have missed in guiding theory and practice in education.


No 2 A. Three branches of philosophy 
 
1. Metaphysics
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy responsible for the study of existence. It is the foundation of a worldview. It answers the question "What is?" It encompasses everything that exists, as well as the nature of existence itself. It says whether the world is real, or merely an illusion. It is a fundamental view of the world around us.
2. Ethics

Ethics is the branch of study dealing with what is the proper course of action for man. It answers the question, "What do I do?" It is the study of right and wrong in human endeavors. At a more fundamental level, it is the method by which we categorize our values and pursue them. Do we pursue our own happiness, or do we sacrifice ourselves to a greater cause? Is that foundation of ethics based on the Bible, or on the very nature of man himself, or neither?

3 Epistemology

Epistemology is the study of our method of acquiring knowledge. It answers the question, "How do we know?" It encompasses the nature of concepts, the constructing of concepts, the validity of the senses, logical reasoning, as well as thoughts, ideas, memories, emotions, and all things mental. It is concerned with how our minds are related to reality, and whether these relationships are valid or invalid.
 

No 2B. Reasons for of the above. In teaching and learning

Epistemology is the explanation of how we think. It is required in order to be able to determine the true from the false, by determining a proper method of evaluation. It is needed in order to use and obtain knowledge of the world around us. Without epistemology, we could not think. More specifically, we would have no reason to believe our thinking was productive or correct, as opposed to random images flashing before our mind. With an incorrect epistemology, we would not be able to distinguish truth from error. The consequences are obvious. The degree to which our epistemology is correct is the degree to which we could understand reality, and the degree to which we could use that knowledge to promote our lives and goals. Flaws in epistemology will make it harder to accomplish anything.

No 3 A. 

 The following are some of the major sources of knowledge:
  1. Perception — that which can be perceived through the experiences of the senses. The view that experience is the primary source of knowledge is called empiricism.
  2. Reason — Reason can be considered a source of knowledge, either by deducing truths from existing knowledge, or by learning things a priori, discovering necessary truths (such as mathematical truths) through pure reason. The view that reason is the primary source of knowledge is calledrationalism
  3. Introspection — knowledge of one’s self that can be found through internal self-evalution. This is generally considered to be a sort of perception. (For example, I know I am hungry or tired.)
  4. Memory — Memory is the storage of knowledge that was learned in the past — whether it be past events or current information.
  5. Testimony — Testimony relies on others to acquire knowledge and communicate it to us. Some deny that testimony can be a source of knowledge, and insist that beliefs gained through testimony must be verified in order to be knowledge.                                                                                                 Also compare this one ‎


  6. Sense Perception: You know certain things because you can see and perceive them yourself. Empiricists consider sense perception so important that they will say that all knowledge comes from the senses.
  7. Language/Authority: You know certain things because someone (an authority who knows more than you) told you personally or you read it somewhere. A person who had more knowledge than you passed on his/her knowledge with the help of language.
  8. Emotion/intuition: You know certain things because you feel them emotionally. You know that certain things are ethically not right. Some decisions in your life are so complicated that you have to rely on your intuition.
  9. Logics/Reason: You know certain things because you can apply logics and reasoning. You know that 2 times 3 is 6 not because of sense perception or because someone told you. You know the solution because you can calculate an answer by applying the rules of math. Rationalist consider reason and logics so important, that they say that all sources of our knowledge comes from our ability to use reasoning.‎

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